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les goddams
''Les goddams'' (sometimes ''les goddems''〔Hughes, Geoffrey. (1998). ''Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English''. Penguin. p. 1. ISBN 978-0140267075〕 or ''les goddons''〔Calder, Nigel (1986). ''The English Channel''. Chatto & Windus. p. 185. ISBN 978-0701130534〕) is an obsolete ethnic slur historically used by the French to refer to the English, based on their frequent expletives.〔Hitchings, Henry (2011). ''The Language Wars: A History of Proper English''. Hachette UK. p. 20. ISBN 978-0374183295〕 The name originated during the Hundred Years War (1337–1453) between England and France, when English soldiers were notorious among the French for their frequent use of profanity and in particular the interjection "God damn".〔Richards, Jeffrey. ''Films and British National Identity: From Dickens to Dad's Army''. Manchester University Press. p. 13-14. ISBN 978-0719047435〕〔Hughes, Geoffrey (2006). ''An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World''. M.E. Sharpe. p. 324. ISBN 978-0765612311〕〔Caunce, Stephen. (2004). ''Relocating Britishness''. Manchester University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0719070266〕
Outside France, the name has been used in French-speaking parts of Canada. Related terms have existed outside the French-speaking world: ''Godames'' was historically used in Brazil, while ''Gotama'' was used in East Africa.〔
Charles Johnston records the use of this word specifically for a soldier. (''Travels in Southern Abyssinia through the Country of Adal to the Kingdom of Shoa'' (London, 1844), vol. 1 p. 182 and note.)〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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